Update for 2.7

Enable ESP32 to use PubSubClient (make MQTT_CALLBACK_SIGNATURE functional)

CHANGES.txt

@@ -1,3 +1,11 @@
+2.7
+   * Fix remaining-length handling to prevent buffer overrun
+   * Add large-payload API - beginPublish/write/publish/endPublish
+   * Add yield call to improve reliability on ESP
+   * Add Clean Session flag to connect options
+   * Add ESP32 support for functional callback signature
+   * Various other fixes
+
 2.4
    * Add MQTT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT to prevent it blocking indefinitely
      whilst waiting for inbound data

README.md

@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ a server that supports MQTT.
 The library comes with a number of example sketches. See File > Examples > PubSubClient
 within the Arduino application.
 
-Full API documentation is available here: http://pubsubclient.knolleary.net
+Full API documentation is available here: https://pubsubclient.knolleary.net
 
 ## Limitations
 
@@ -37,6 +37,7 @@ boards and shields, including:
  - TI CC3000 WiFi - [library](https://github.com/sparkfun/SFE_CC3000_Library)
  - Intel Galileo/Edison
  - ESP8266
+ - ESP32
 
 The library cannot currently be used with hardware based on the ENC28J60 chip –
 such as the Nanode or the Nuelectronics Ethernet Shield. For those, there is an

examples/mqtt_esp8266/mqtt_esp8266.ino

@@ -38,14 +38,6 @@ long lastMsg = 0;
 char msg[50];
 int value = 0;
 
-void setup() {
-  pinMode(BUILTIN_LED, OUTPUT);     // Initialize the BUILTIN_LED pin as an output
-  Serial.begin(115200);
-  setup_wifi();
-  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
-  client.setCallback(callback);
-}
-
 void setup_wifi() {
 
   delay(10);
@@ -61,6 +53,8 @@ void setup_wifi() {
     Serial.print(".");
   }
 
+  randomSeed(micros());
+
   Serial.println("");
   Serial.println("WiFi connected");
   Serial.println("IP address: ");
@@ -80,7 +74,7 @@ void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
   if ((char)payload[0] == '1') {
     digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, LOW);   // Turn the LED on (Note that LOW is the voltage level
     // but actually the LED is on; this is because
-    // it is acive low on the ESP-01)
+    // it is active low on the ESP-01)
   } else {
     digitalWrite(BUILTIN_LED, HIGH);  // Turn the LED off by making the voltage HIGH
   }
@@ -91,8 +85,11 @@ void reconnect() {
   // Loop until we're reconnected
   while (!client.connected()) {
     Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
+    // Create a random client ID
+    String clientId = "ESP8266Client-";
+    clientId += String(random(0xffff), HEX);
     // Attempt to connect
-    if (client.connect("ESP8266Client")) {
+    if (client.connect(clientId.c_str())) {
       Serial.println("connected");
       // Once connected, publish an announcement...
       client.publish("outTopic", "hello world");
@@ -107,6 +104,15 @@ void reconnect() {
     }
   }
 }
+
+void setup() {
+  pinMode(BUILTIN_LED, OUTPUT);     // Initialize the BUILTIN_LED pin as an output
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+  setup_wifi();
+  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
+  client.setCallback(callback);
+}
+
 void loop() {
 
   if (!client.connected()) {
@@ -118,7 +124,7 @@ void loop() {
   if (now - lastMsg > 2000) {
     lastMsg = now;
     ++value;
-    snprintf (msg, 75, "hello world #%ld", value);
+    snprintf (msg, 50, "hello world #%ld", value);
     Serial.print("Publish message: ");
     Serial.println(msg);
     client.publish("outTopic", msg);

examples/mqtt_large_message/mqtt_large_message.ino

@@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
+/*
+ Long message ESP8266 MQTT example
+
+ This sketch demonstrates sending arbitrarily large messages in combination
+ with the ESP8266 board/library.
+
+ It connects to an MQTT server then:
+  - publishes "hello world" to the topic "outTopic"
+  - subscribes to the topic "greenBottles/#", printing out any messages
+    it receives. NB - it assumes the received payloads are strings not binary
+  - If the sub-topic is a number, it publishes a "greenBottles/lyrics" message
+    with a payload consisting of the lyrics to "10 green bottles", replacing
+    10 with the number given in the sub-topic.
+
+ It will reconnect to the server if the connection is lost using a blocking
+ reconnect function. See the 'mqtt_reconnect_nonblocking' example for how to
+ achieve the same result without blocking the main loop.
+
+ To install the ESP8266 board, (using Arduino 1.6.4+):
+  - Add the following 3rd party board manager under "File -> Preferences -> Additional Boards Manager URLs":
+       http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json
+  - Open the "Tools -> Board -> Board Manager" and click install for the ESP8266"
+  - Select your ESP8266 in "Tools -> Board"
+
+*/
+
+#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
+#include <PubSubClient.h>
+
+// Update these with values suitable for your network.
+
+const char* ssid = "........";
+const char* password = "........";
+const char* mqtt_server = "broker.mqtt-dashboard.com";
+
+WiFiClient espClient;
+PubSubClient client(espClient);
+long lastMsg = 0;
+char msg[50];
+int value = 0;
+
+void setup_wifi() {
+
+  delay(10);
+  // We start by connecting to a WiFi network
+  Serial.println();
+  Serial.print("Connecting to ");
+  Serial.println(ssid);
+
+  WiFi.begin(ssid, password);
+
+  while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
+    delay(500);
+    Serial.print(".");
+  }
+
+  randomSeed(micros());
+
+  Serial.println("");
+  Serial.println("WiFi connected");
+  Serial.println("IP address: ");
+  Serial.println(WiFi.localIP());
+}
+
+void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) {
+  Serial.print("Message arrived [");
+  Serial.print(topic);
+  Serial.print("] ");
+  for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
+    Serial.print((char)payload[i]);
+  }
+  Serial.println();
+
+  // Find out how many bottles we should generate lyrics for
+  String topicStr(topic);
+  int bottleCount = 0; // assume no bottles unless we correctly parse a value from the topic
+  if (topicStr.indexOf('/') >= 0) {
+    // The topic includes a '/', we'll try to read the number of bottles from just after that
+    topicStr.remove(0, topicStr.indexOf('/')+1);
+    // Now see if there's a number of bottles after the '/'
+    bottleCount = topicStr.toInt();
+  }
+
+  if (bottleCount > 0) {
+    // Work out how big our resulting message will be
+    int msgLen = 0;
+    for (int i = bottleCount; i > 0; i--) {
+      String numBottles(i);
+      msgLen += 2*numBottles.length();
+      if (i == 1) {
+        msgLen += 2*String(" green bottle, standing on the wall\n").length();
+      } else {
+        msgLen += 2*String(" green bottles, standing on the wall\n").length();
+      }
+      msgLen += String("And if one green bottle should accidentally fall\nThere'll be ").length();
+      switch (i) {
+      case 1:
+        msgLen += String("no green bottles, standing on the wall\n\n").length();
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        msgLen += String("1 green bottle, standing on the wall\n\n").length();
+        break;
+      default:
+        numBottles = i-1;
+        msgLen += numBottles.length();
+        msgLen += String(" green bottles, standing on the wall\n\n").length();
+        break;
+      };
+    }
+  
+    // Now we can start to publish the message
+    client.beginPublish("greenBottles/lyrics", msgLen, false);
+    for (int i = bottleCount; i > 0; i--) {
+      for (int j = 0; j < 2; j++) {
+        client.print(i);
+        if (i == 1) {
+          client.print(" green bottle, standing on the wall\n");
+        } else {
+          client.print(" green bottles, standing on the wall\n");
+        }
+      }
+      client.print("And if one green bottle should accidentally fall\nThere'll be ");
+      switch (i) {
+      case 1:
+        client.print("no green bottles, standing on the wall\n\n");
+        break;
+      case 2:
+        client.print("1 green bottle, standing on the wall\n\n");
+        break;
+      default:
+        client.print(i-1);
+        client.print(" green bottles, standing on the wall\n\n");
+        break;
+      };
+    }
+    // Now we're done!
+    client.endPublish();
+  }
+}
+
+void reconnect() {
+  // Loop until we're reconnected
+  while (!client.connected()) {
+    Serial.print("Attempting MQTT connection...");
+    // Create a random client ID
+    String clientId = "ESP8266Client-";
+    clientId += String(random(0xffff), HEX);
+    // Attempt to connect
+    if (client.connect(clientId.c_str())) {
+      Serial.println("connected");
+      // Once connected, publish an announcement...
+      client.publish("outTopic", "hello world");
+      // ... and resubscribe
+      client.subscribe("greenBottles/#");
+    } else {
+      Serial.print("failed, rc=");
+      Serial.print(client.state());
+      Serial.println(" try again in 5 seconds");
+      // Wait 5 seconds before retrying
+      delay(5000);
+    }
+  }
+}
+
+void setup() {
+  pinMode(BUILTIN_LED, OUTPUT);     // Initialize the BUILTIN_LED pin as an output
+  Serial.begin(115200);
+  setup_wifi();
+  client.setServer(mqtt_server, 1883);
+  client.setCallback(callback);
+}
+
+void loop() {
+
+  if (!client.connected()) {
+    reconnect();
+  }
+  client.loop();
+}

keywords.txt

@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ connect 	KEYWORD2
 disconnect 	KEYWORD2
 publish 	KEYWORD2
 publish_P 	KEYWORD2
+beginPublish 	KEYWORD2
+endPublish 	KEYWORD2
+write	 	KEYWORD2
 subscribe 	KEYWORD2
 unsubscribe 	KEYWORD2
 loop 	KEYWORD2

library.json

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
         "type": "git",
         "url": "https://github.com/knolleary/pubsubclient.git"
     },
-    "version": "2.5",
+    "version": "2.7",
     "exclude": "tests",
     "examples": "examples/*/*.ino",
     "frameworks": "arduino",

library.properties

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 name=PubSubClient
-version=2.5
+version=2.7
 author=Nick O'Leary <nick.oleary@gmail.com>
 maintainer=Nick O'Leary <nick.oleary@gmail.com>
 sentence=A client library for MQTT messaging.

src/PubSubClient.cpp

@@ -102,18 +102,22 @@ PubSubClient::PubSubClient(const char* domain, uint16_t port, MQTT_CALLBACK_SIGN
 }
 
 boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id) {
-    return connect(id,NULL,NULL,0,0,0,0);
+    return connect(id,NULL,NULL,0,0,0,0,1);
 }
 
 boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char *user, const char *pass) {
-    return connect(id,user,pass,0,0,0,0);
+    return connect(id,user,pass,0,0,0,0,1);
 }
 
 boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char* willTopic, uint8_t willQos, boolean willRetain, const char* willMessage) {
-    return connect(id,NULL,NULL,willTopic,willQos,willRetain,willMessage);
+    return connect(id,NULL,NULL,willTopic,willQos,willRetain,willMessage,1);
 }
 
 boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char *user, const char *pass, const char* willTopic, uint8_t willQos, boolean willRetain, const char* willMessage) {
+    return connect(id,user,pass,willTopic,willQos,willRetain,willMessage,1);
+}
+
+boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char *user, const char *pass, const char* willTopic, uint8_t willQos, boolean willRetain, const char* willMessage, boolean cleanSession) {
     if (!connected()) {
         int result = 0;
 
@@ -125,7 +129,7 @@ boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char *user, const char *pass
         if (result == 1) {
             nextMsgId = 1;
             // Leave room in the buffer for header and variable length field
-            uint16_t length = 5;
+            uint16_t length = MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
             unsigned int j;
 
 #if MQTT_VERSION == MQTT_VERSION_3_1
@@ -141,9 +145,12 @@ boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char *user, const char *pass
 
             uint8_t v;
             if (willTopic) {
-                v = 0x06|(willQos<<3)|(willRetain<<5);
+                v = 0x04|(willQos<<3)|(willRetain<<5);
             } else {
-                v = 0x02;
+                v = 0x00;
+            }
+            if (cleanSession) {
+                v = v|0x02;
             }
 
             if(user != NULL) {
@@ -158,20 +165,26 @@ boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char *user, const char *pass
 
             buffer[length++] = ((MQTT_KEEPALIVE) >> 8);
             buffer[length++] = ((MQTT_KEEPALIVE) & 0xFF);
+
+            CHECK_STRING_LENGTH(length,id)
             length = writeString(id,buffer,length);
             if (willTopic) {
+                CHECK_STRING_LENGTH(length,willTopic)
                 length = writeString(willTopic,buffer,length);
+                CHECK_STRING_LENGTH(length,willMessage)
                 length = writeString(willMessage,buffer,length);
             }
 
             if(user != NULL) {
+                CHECK_STRING_LENGTH(length,user)
                 length = writeString(user,buffer,length);
                 if(pass != NULL) {
+                    CHECK_STRING_LENGTH(length,pass)
                     length = writeString(pass,buffer,length);
                 }
             }
 
-            write(MQTTCONNECT,buffer,length-5);
+            write(MQTTCONNECT,buffer,length-MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE);
 
             lastInActivity = lastOutActivity = millis();
 
@@ -209,6 +222,7 @@ boolean PubSubClient::connect(const char *id, const char *user, const char *pass
 boolean PubSubClient::readByte(uint8_t * result) {
    uint32_t previousMillis = millis();
    while(!_client->available()) {
+     yield();
      uint32_t currentMillis = millis();
      if(currentMillis - previousMillis >= ((int32_t) MQTT_SOCKET_TIMEOUT * 1000)){
        return false;
@@ -240,6 +254,12 @@ uint16_t PubSubClient::readPacket(uint8_t* lengthLength) {
     uint8_t start = 0;
 
     do {
+        if (len == 5) {
+            // Invalid remaining length encoding - kill the connection
+            _state = MQTT_DISCONNECTED;
+            _client->stop();
+            return 0;
+        }
         if(!readByte(&digit)) return 0;
         buffer[len++] = digit;
         length += (digit & 127) * multiplier;
@@ -306,12 +326,10 @@ boolean PubSubClient::loop() {
                 uint8_t type = buffer[0]&0xF0;
                 if (type == MQTTPUBLISH) {
                     if (callback) {
-                        uint16_t tl = (buffer[llen+1]<<8)+buffer[llen+2];
-                        char topic[tl+1];
-                        for (uint16_t i=0;i<tl;i++) {
-                            topic[i] = buffer[llen+3+i];
-                        }
-                        topic[tl] = 0;
+                        uint16_t tl = (buffer[llen+1]<<8)+buffer[llen+2]; /* topic length in bytes */
+                        memmove(buffer+llen+2,buffer+llen+3,tl); /* move topic inside buffer 1 byte to front */
+                        buffer[llen+2+tl] = 0; /* end the topic as a 'C' string with \x00 */
+                        char *topic = (char*) buffer+llen+2;
                         // msgId only present for QOS>0
                         if ((buffer[0]&0x06) == MQTTQOS1) {
                             msgId = (buffer[llen+3+tl]<<8)+buffer[llen+3+tl+1];
@@ -337,6 +355,9 @@ boolean PubSubClient::loop() {
                 } else if (type == MQTTPINGRESP) {
                     pingOutstanding = false;
                 }
+            } else if (!connected()) {
+                // readPacket has closed the connection
+                return false;
             }
         }
         return true;
@@ -358,12 +379,12 @@ boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, unsigne
 
 boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, unsigned int plength, boolean retained) {
     if (connected()) {
-        if (MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE < 5 + 2+strlen(topic) + plength) {
+        if (MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE < MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE + 2+strlen(topic) + plength) {
             // Too long
             return false;
         }
         // Leave room in the buffer for header and variable length field
-        uint16_t length = 5;
+        uint16_t length = MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
         length = writeString(topic,buffer,length);
         uint16_t i;
         for (i=0;i<plength;i++) {
@@ -373,11 +394,15 @@ boolean PubSubClient::publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, unsigne
         if (retained) {
             header |= 1;
         }
-        return write(header,buffer,length-5);
+        return write(header,buffer,length-MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE);
     }
     return false;
 }
 
+boolean PubSubClient::publish_P(const char* topic, const char* payload, boolean retained) {
+    return publish_P(topic, (const uint8_t*)payload, strlen(payload), retained);
+}
+
 boolean PubSubClient::publish_P(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, unsigned int plength, boolean retained) {
     uint8_t llen = 0;
     uint8_t digit;
@@ -423,12 +448,43 @@ boolean PubSubClient::publish_P(const char* topic, const uint8_t* payload, unsig
     return rc == tlen + 4 + plength;
 }
 
-boolean PubSubClient::write(uint8_t header, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t length) {
+boolean PubSubClient::beginPublish(const char* topic, unsigned int plength, boolean retained) {
+    if (connected()) {
+        // Send the header and variable length field
+        uint16_t length = MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
+        length = writeString(topic,buffer,length);
+        uint16_t i;
+        uint8_t header = MQTTPUBLISH;
+        if (retained) {
+            header |= 1;
+        }
+        size_t hlen = buildHeader(header, buffer, plength+length-MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE);
+        uint16_t rc = _client->write(buffer+(MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE-hlen),length-(MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE-hlen));
+        lastOutActivity = millis();
+        return (rc == (length-(MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE-hlen)));
+    }
+    return false;
+}
+
+int PubSubClient::endPublish() {
+ return 1;
+}
+
+size_t PubSubClient::write(uint8_t data) {
+    lastOutActivity = millis();
+    return _client->write(data);
+}
+
+size_t PubSubClient::write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size) {
+    lastOutActivity = millis();
+    return _client->write(buffer,size);
+}
+
+size_t PubSubClient::buildHeader(uint8_t header, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t length) {
     uint8_t lenBuf[4];
     uint8_t llen = 0;
     uint8_t digit;
     uint8_t pos = 0;
-    uint16_t rc;
     uint16_t len = length;
     do {
         digit = len % 128;
@@ -442,12 +498,18 @@ boolean PubSubClient::write(uint8_t header, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t length) {
 
     buf[4-llen] = header;
     for (int i=0;i<llen;i++) {
-        buf[5-llen+i] = lenBuf[i];
+        buf[MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE-llen+i] = lenBuf[i];
     }
+    return llen+1; // Full header size is variable length bit plus the 1-byte fixed header
+}
+
+boolean PubSubClient::write(uint8_t header, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t length) {
+    uint16_t rc;
+    uint8_t hlen = buildHeader(header, buf, length);
 
 #ifdef MQTT_MAX_TRANSFER_SIZE
-    uint8_t* writeBuf = buf+(4-llen);
-    uint16_t bytesRemaining = length+1+llen;  //Match the length type
+    uint8_t* writeBuf = buf+(MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE-hlen);
+    uint16_t bytesRemaining = length+hlen;  //Match the length type
     uint8_t bytesToWrite;
     boolean result = true;
     while((bytesRemaining > 0) && result) {
@@ -459,9 +521,9 @@ boolean PubSubClient::write(uint8_t header, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t length) {
     }
     return result;
 #else
-    rc = _client->write(buf+(4-llen),length+1+llen);
+    rc = _client->write(buf+(MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE-hlen),length+hlen);
     lastOutActivity = millis();
-    return (rc == 1+llen+length);
+    return (rc == hlen+length);
 #endif
 }
 
@@ -470,7 +532,7 @@ boolean PubSubClient::subscribe(const char* topic) {
 }
 
 boolean PubSubClient::subscribe(const char* topic, uint8_t qos) {
-    if (qos < 0 || qos > 1) {
+    if (qos > 1) {
         return false;
     }
     if (MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE < 9 + strlen(topic)) {
@@ -479,7 +541,7 @@ boolean PubSubClient::subscribe(const char* topic, uint8_t qos) {
     }
     if (connected()) {
         // Leave room in the buffer for header and variable length field
-        uint16_t length = 5;
+        uint16_t length = MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
         nextMsgId++;
         if (nextMsgId == 0) {
             nextMsgId = 1;
@@ -488,7 +550,7 @@ boolean PubSubClient::subscribe(const char* topic, uint8_t qos) {
         buffer[length++] = (nextMsgId & 0xFF);
         length = writeString((char*)topic, buffer,length);
         buffer[length++] = qos;
-        return write(MQTTSUBSCRIBE|MQTTQOS1,buffer,length-5);
+        return write(MQTTSUBSCRIBE|MQTTQOS1,buffer,length-MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE);
     }
     return false;
 }
@@ -499,7 +561,7 @@ boolean PubSubClient::unsubscribe(const char* topic) {
         return false;
     }
     if (connected()) {
-        uint16_t length = 5;
+        uint16_t length = MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE;
         nextMsgId++;
         if (nextMsgId == 0) {
             nextMsgId = 1;
@@ -507,7 +569,7 @@ boolean PubSubClient::unsubscribe(const char* topic) {
         buffer[length++] = (nextMsgId >> 8);
         buffer[length++] = (nextMsgId & 0xFF);
         length = writeString(topic, buffer,length);
-        return write(MQTTUNSUBSCRIBE|MQTTQOS1,buffer,length-5);
+        return write(MQTTUNSUBSCRIBE|MQTTQOS1,buffer,length-MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE);
     }
     return false;
 }
@@ -517,6 +579,7 @@ void PubSubClient::disconnect() {
     buffer[1] = 0;
     _client->write(buffer,2);
     _state = MQTT_DISCONNECTED;
+    _client->flush();
     _client->stop();
     lastInActivity = lastOutActivity = millis();
 }

src/PubSubClient.h

@@ -73,14 +73,19 @@
 #define MQTTQOS1        (1 << 1)
 #define MQTTQOS2        (2 << 1)
 
-#ifdef ESP8266
+// Maximum size of fixed header and variable length size header
+#define MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE 5
+
+#if defined(ESP8266) || defined(ESP32)
 #include <functional>
-#define MQTT_CALLBACK_SIGNATURE std::function<void(char*, uint8_t*, uint32_t)> callback
+#define MQTT_CALLBACK_SIGNATURE std::function<void(char*, uint8_t*, unsigned int)> callback
 #else
-#define MQTT_CALLBACK_SIGNATURE void (*callback)(char*, uint8_t*, uint32_t)
+#define MQTT_CALLBACK_SIGNATURE void (*callback)(char*, uint8_t*, unsigned int)
 #endif
 
-class PubSubClient {
+#define CHECK_STRING_LENGTH(l,s) if (l+2+strlen(s) > MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE) {_client->stop();return false;}
+
+class PubSubClient : public Print {
 private:
    Client* _client;
    uint8_t buffer[MQTT_MAX_PACKET_SIZE];
@@ -94,6 +99,11 @@ private:
    boolean readByte(uint8_t * result, uint16_t * index);
    boolean write(uint8_t header, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t length);
    uint16_t writeString(const char* string, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t pos);
+   // Build up the header ready to send
+   // Returns the size of the header
+   // Note: the header is built at the end of the first MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE bytes, so will start
+   //       (MQTT_MAX_HEADER_SIZE - <returned size>) bytes into the buffer
+   size_t buildHeader(uint8_t header, uint8_t* buf, uint16_t length);
    IPAddress ip;
    const char* domain;
    uint16_t port;
@@ -126,12 +136,31 @@ public:
    boolean connect(const char* id, const char* user, const char* pass);
    boolean connect(const char* id, const char* willTopic, uint8_t willQos, boolean willRetain, const char* willMessage);
    boolean connect(const char* id, const char* user, const char* pass, const char* willTopic, uint8_t willQos, boolean willRetain, const char* willMessage);
+   boolean connect(const char* id, const char* user, const char* pass, const char* willTopic, uint8_t willQos, boolean willRetain, const char* willMessage, boolean cleanSession);
    void disconnect();
    boolean publish(const char* topic, const char* payload);
    boolean publish(const char* topic, const char* payload, boolean retained);
    boolean publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t * payload, unsigned int plength);
    boolean publish(const char* topic, const uint8_t * payload, unsigned int plength, boolean retained);
+   boolean publish_P(const char* topic, const char* payload, boolean retained);
    boolean publish_P(const char* topic, const uint8_t * payload, unsigned int plength, boolean retained);
+   // Start to publish a message.
+   // This API:
+   //   beginPublish(...)
+   //   one or more calls to write(...)
+   //   endPublish()
+   // Allows for arbitrarily large payloads to be sent without them having to be copied into
+   // a new buffer and held in memory at one time
+   // Returns 1 if the message was started successfully, 0 if there was an error
+   boolean beginPublish(const char* topic, unsigned int plength, boolean retained);
+   // Finish off this publish message (started with beginPublish)
+   // Returns 1 if the packet was sent successfully, 0 if there was an error
+   int endPublish();
+   // Write a single byte of payload (only to be used with beginPublish/endPublish)
+   virtual size_t write(uint8_t);
+   // Write size bytes from buffer into the payload (only to be used with beginPublish/endPublish)
+   // Returns the number of bytes written
+   virtual size_t write(const uint8_t *buffer, size_t size);
    boolean subscribe(const char* topic);
    boolean subscribe(const char* topic, uint8_t qos);
    boolean unsubscribe(const char* topic);

tests/src/connect_spec.cpp

@@ -98,6 +98,33 @@ int test_connect_fails_on_bad_rc() {
     END_IT
 }
 
+int test_connect_non_clean_session() {
+    IT("sends a properly formatted non-clean session connect packet and succeeds");
+    ShimClient shimClient;
+
+    shimClient.setAllowConnect(true);
+    byte expectServer[] = { 172, 16, 0, 2 };
+    shimClient.expectConnect(expectServer,1883);
+    byte connect[] = {0x10,0x18,0x0,0x4,0x4d,0x51,0x54,0x54,0x4,0x0,0x0,0xf,0x0,0xc,0x63,0x6c,0x69,0x65,0x6e,0x74,0x5f,0x74,0x65,0x73,0x74,0x31};
+    byte connack[] = { 0x20, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 };
+
+    shimClient.expect(connect,26);
+    shimClient.respond(connack,4);
+
+    PubSubClient client(server, 1883, callback, shimClient);
+    int state = client.state();
+    IS_TRUE(state == MQTT_DISCONNECTED);
+
+    int rc = client.connect((char*)"client_test1",0,0,0,0,0,0,0);
+    IS_TRUE(rc);
+    IS_FALSE(shimClient.error());
+
+    state = client.state();
+    IS_TRUE(state == MQTT_CONNECTED);
+
+    END_IT
+}
+
 int test_connect_accepts_username_password() {
     IT("accepts a username and password");
     ShimClient shimClient;
@@ -133,6 +160,23 @@ int test_connect_accepts_username_no_password() {
 
     END_IT
 }
+int test_connect_accepts_username_blank_password() {
+    IT("accepts a username and blank password");
+    ShimClient shimClient;
+    shimClient.setAllowConnect(true);
+
+    byte connect[] = { 0x10,0x20,0x0,0x4,0x4d,0x51,0x54,0x54,0x4,0xc2,0x0,0xf,0x0,0xc,0x63,0x6c,0x69,0x65,0x6e,0x74,0x5f,0x74,0x65,0x73,0x74,0x31,0x0,0x4,0x75,0x73,0x65,0x72,0x0,0x0};
+    byte connack[] = { 0x20, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 };
+    shimClient.expect(connect,0x26);
+    shimClient.respond(connack,4);
+
+    PubSubClient client(server, 1883, callback, shimClient);
+    int rc = client.connect((char*)"client_test1",(char*)"user",(char*)"pass");
+    IS_TRUE(rc);
+    IS_FALSE(shimClient.error());
+
+    END_IT
+}
 
 int test_connect_ignores_password_no_username() {
     IT("ignores a password but no username");
@@ -239,10 +283,12 @@ int test_connect_disconnect_connect() {
 int main()
 {
     SUITE("Connect");
+
     test_connect_fails_no_network();
     test_connect_fails_on_no_response();
 
     test_connect_properly_formatted();
+    test_connect_non_clean_session();
     test_connect_accepts_username_password();
     test_connect_fails_on_bad_rc();
     test_connect_properly_formatted_hostname();

tests/src/lib/Arduino.h

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@
 #include <stdlib.h>
 #include <string.h>
 #include <math.h>
+#include "Print.h"
 
 
 extern "C"{
@@ -20,4 +21,6 @@ extern "C"{
 #define PROGMEM
 #define pgm_read_byte_near(x) *(x)
 
+#define yield(x) {}
+
 #endif // Arduino_h

tests/src/lib/Buffer.cpp

@@ -2,9 +2,13 @@
 #include "Arduino.h"
 
 Buffer::Buffer() {
+    this->pos = 0;
+    this->length = 0;
 }
 
 Buffer::Buffer(uint8_t* buf, size_t size) {
+    this->pos = 0;
+    this->length = 0;
     this->add(buf,size);
 }
 bool Buffer::available() {

tests/src/lib/Print.h

@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+/*
+ Print.h - Base class that provides print() and println()
+ Copyright (c) 2008 David A. Mellis.  All right reserved.
+
+ This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
+ modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
+ version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU
+ Lesser General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
+ License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
+ Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
+ */
+
+#ifndef Print_h
+#define Print_h
+
+class Print {
+    public:
+        virtual size_t write(uint8_t) = 0;
+};
+
+#endif

tests/src/receive_spec.cpp

@@ -160,6 +160,35 @@ int test_receive_oversized_message() {
     END_IT
 }
 
+int test_drop_invalid_remaining_length_message() {
+    IT("drops invalid remaining length message");
+    reset_callback();
+
+    ShimClient shimClient;
+    shimClient.setAllowConnect(true);
+
+    byte connack[] = { 0x20, 0x02, 0x00, 0x00 };
+    shimClient.respond(connack,4);
+
+    PubSubClient client(server, 1883, callback, shimClient);
+    int rc = client.connect((char*)"client_test1");
+    IS_TRUE(rc);
+
+    byte publish[] = {0x30,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x92,0x01,0x0,0x5,0x74,0x6f,0x70,0x69,0x63,0x70,0x61,0x79,0x6c,0x6f,0x61,0x64};
+    shimClient.respond(publish,20);
+
+    rc = client.loop();
+
+    IS_FALSE(rc);
+
+    IS_FALSE(callback_called);
+
+    IS_FALSE(shimClient.error());
+
+    END_IT
+}
+
+
 int test_receive_oversized_stream_message() {
     IT("drops an oversized message");
     reset_callback();
@@ -241,6 +270,7 @@ int main()
     test_receive_callback();
     test_receive_stream();
     test_receive_max_sized_message();
+    test_drop_invalid_remaining_length_message();
     test_receive_oversized_message();
     test_receive_oversized_stream_message();
     test_receive_qos1();

tests/testcases/mqtt_basic.py

@@ -1,43 +1,39 @@
 import unittest
 import settings
-
 import time
 import mosquitto
 
-import serial
 
 def on_message(mosq, obj, msg):
-  obj.message_queue.append(msg)
+    obj.message_queue.append(msg)
+
 
 class mqtt_basic(unittest.TestCase):
 
-  message_queue = []
-  
-  @classmethod
-  def setUpClass(self):
-    self.client = mosquitto.Mosquitto("pubsubclient_ut", clean_session=True,obj=self)
-    self.client.connect(settings.server_ip)
-    self.client.on_message = on_message
-    self.client.subscribe("outTopic",0)
-
-  @classmethod
-  def tearDownClass(self):
-    self.client.disconnect()
-  
-  def test_one(self):
-    i=30
-    while len(self.message_queue) == 0 and i > 0:
-      self.client.loop()
-      time.sleep(0.5)
-      i -= 1
-    self.assertTrue(i>0, "message receive timed-out")
-    self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 1, "unexpected number of messages received")
-    msg = self.message_queue[0]
-    self.assertEqual(msg.mid,0,"message id not 0")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.topic,"outTopic","message topic incorrect")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.payload,"hello world")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.qos,0,"message qos not 0")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.retain,False,"message retain flag incorrect")
+    message_queue = []
 
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(self):
+        self.client = mosquitto.Mosquitto("pubsubclient_ut", clean_session=True, obj=self)
+        self.client.connect(settings.server_ip)
+        self.client.on_message = on_message
+        self.client.subscribe("outTopic", 0)
 
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(self):
+        self.client.disconnect()
 
+    def test_one(self):
+        i = 30
+        while len(self.message_queue) == 0 and i > 0:
+            self.client.loop()
+            time.sleep(0.5)
+            i -= 1
+        self.assertTrue(i > 0, "message receive timed-out")
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 1, "unexpected number of messages received")
+        msg = self.message_queue[0]
+        self.assertEqual(msg.mid, 0, "message id not 0")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.topic, "outTopic", "message topic incorrect")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.payload, "hello world")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.qos, 0, "message qos not 0")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.retain, False, "message retain flag incorrect")

tests/testcases/mqtt_publish_in_callback.py

@@ -1,64 +1,59 @@
 import unittest
 import settings
-
 import time
 import mosquitto
 
-import serial
 
 def on_message(mosq, obj, msg):
-  obj.message_queue.append(msg)
+    obj.message_queue.append(msg)
+
 
 class mqtt_publish_in_callback(unittest.TestCase):
 
-  message_queue = []
+    message_queue = []
 
-  @classmethod
-  def setUpClass(self):
-    self.client = mosquitto.Mosquitto("pubsubclient_ut", clean_session=True,obj=self)
-    self.client.connect(settings.server_ip)
-    self.client.on_message = on_message
-    self.client.subscribe("outTopic",0)
+    @classmethod
+    def setUpClass(self):
+        self.client = mosquitto.Mosquitto("pubsubclient_ut", clean_session=True, obj=self)
+        self.client.connect(settings.server_ip)
+        self.client.on_message = on_message
+        self.client.subscribe("outTopic", 0)
 
-  @classmethod
-  def tearDownClass(self):
-    self.client.disconnect()
+    @classmethod
+    def tearDownClass(self):
+        self.client.disconnect()
 
-  def test_connect(self):
-    i=30
-    while len(self.message_queue) == 0 and i > 0:
-      self.client.loop()
-      time.sleep(0.5)
-      i -= 1
-    self.assertTrue(i>0, "message receive timed-out")
-    self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 1, "unexpected number of messages received")
-    msg = self.message_queue.pop(0)
-    self.assertEqual(msg.mid,0,"message id not 0")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.topic,"outTopic","message topic incorrect")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.payload,"hello world")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.qos,0,"message qos not 0")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.retain,False,"message retain flag incorrect")
-    
-
-  def test_publish(self):
-    self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 0, "message queue not empty")
-    payload = "abcdefghij"
-    self.client.publish("inTopic",payload)
-    
-    i=30
-    while len(self.message_queue) == 0 and i > 0:
-      self.client.loop()
-      time.sleep(0.5)
-      i -= 1
-
-    self.assertTrue(i>0, "message receive timed-out")
-    self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 1, "unexpected number of messages received")
-    msg = self.message_queue.pop(0)
-    self.assertEqual(msg.mid,0,"message id not 0")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.topic,"outTopic","message topic incorrect")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.payload,payload)
-    self.assertEqual(msg.qos,0,"message qos not 0")
-    self.assertEqual(msg.retain,False,"message retain flag incorrect")
+    def test_connect(self):
+        i = 30
+        while len(self.message_queue) == 0 and i > 0:
+            self.client.loop()
+            time.sleep(0.5)
+            i -= 1
+        self.assertTrue(i > 0, "message receive timed-out")
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 1, "unexpected number of messages received")
+        msg = self.message_queue.pop(0)
+        self.assertEqual(msg.mid, 0, "message id not 0")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.topic, "outTopic", "message topic incorrect")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.payload, "hello world")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.qos, 0, "message qos not 0")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.retain, False, "message retain flag incorrect")
 
+    def test_publish(self):
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 0, "message queue not empty")
+        payload = "abcdefghij"
+        self.client.publish("inTopic", payload)
 
+        i = 30
+        while len(self.message_queue) == 0 and i > 0:
+            self.client.loop()
+            time.sleep(0.5)
+            i -= 1
 
+        self.assertTrue(i > 0, "message receive timed-out")
+        self.assertEqual(len(self.message_queue), 1, "unexpected number of messages received")
+        msg = self.message_queue.pop(0)
+        self.assertEqual(msg.mid, 0, "message id not 0")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.topic, "outTopic", "message topic incorrect")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.payload, payload)
+        self.assertEqual(msg.qos, 0, "message qos not 0")
+        self.assertEqual(msg.retain, False, "message retain flag incorrect")

tests/testsuite.py

@@ -10,170 +10,172 @@ import re
 
 from testcases import settings
 
+
 class Workspace(object):
 
-  def __init__(self):
-    self.root_dir = os.getcwd()
-    self.build_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir,"tmpbin");
-    self.log_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir,"logs");
-    self.tests_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir,"testcases");
-    self.examples_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir,"../PubSubClient/examples")
-    self.examples = []
-    self.tests = []
-    if not os.path.isdir("../PubSubClient"):
-      raise Exception("Cannot find PubSubClient library")
-    try:
-      import ino
-    except:
-      raise Exception("ino tool not installed")
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.root_dir = os.getcwd()
+        self.build_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir, "tmpbin")
+        self.log_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir, "logs")
+        self.tests_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir, "testcases")
+        self.examples_dir = os.path.join(self.root_dir, "../PubSubClient/examples")
+        self.examples = []
+        self.tests = []
+        if not os.path.isdir("../PubSubClient"):
+            raise Exception("Cannot find PubSubClient library")
+        try:
+            return __import__('ino')
+        except ImportError:
+            raise Exception("ino tool not installed")
 
-  def init(self):
-    if os.path.isdir(self.build_dir):
-      shutil.rmtree(self.build_dir)
-    os.mkdir(self.build_dir)
-    if os.path.isdir(self.log_dir):
-      shutil.rmtree(self.log_dir)
-    os.mkdir(self.log_dir)
+    def init(self):
+        if os.path.isdir(self.build_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(self.build_dir)
+        os.mkdir(self.build_dir)
+        if os.path.isdir(self.log_dir):
+            shutil.rmtree(self.log_dir)
+        os.mkdir(self.log_dir)
 
-    os.chdir(self.build_dir)
-    call(["ino","init"])
+        os.chdir(self.build_dir)
+        call(["ino", "init"])
 
-    shutil.copytree("../../PubSubClient","lib/PubSubClient")
+        shutil.copytree("../../PubSubClient", "lib/PubSubClient")
 
-    filenames = []
-    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.examples_dir):
-      filenames += [os.path.join(root,f) for f in files if f.endswith(".ino")]
-    filenames.sort()
-    for e in filenames:
-      self.examples.append(Sketch(self,e))
+        filenames = []
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.examples_dir):
+            filenames += [os.path.join(root, f) for f in files if f.endswith(".ino")]
+        filenames.sort()
+        for e in filenames:
+            self.examples.append(Sketch(self, e))
 
-    filenames = []
-    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.tests_dir):
-      filenames += [os.path.join(root,f) for f in files if f.endswith(".ino")]
-    filenames.sort()
-    for e in filenames:
-      self.tests.append(Sketch(self,e))
+        filenames = []
+        for root, dirs, files in os.walk(self.tests_dir):
+            filenames += [os.path.join(root, f) for f in files if f.endswith(".ino")]
+        filenames.sort()
+        for e in filenames:
+            self.tests.append(Sketch(self, e))
+
+    def clean(self):
+        shutil.rmtree(self.build_dir)
 
-  def clean(self):
-    shutil.rmtree(self.build_dir)
 
 class Sketch(object):
-  def __init__(self,wksp,fn):
-    self.w = wksp
-    self.filename = fn
-    self.basename = os.path.basename(self.filename)
-    self.build_log = os.path.join(self.w.log_dir,"%s.log"%(os.path.basename(self.filename),))
-    self.build_err_log = os.path.join(self.w.log_dir,"%s.err.log"%(os.path.basename(self.filename),))
-    self.build_upload_log = os.path.join(self.w.log_dir,"%s.upload.log"%(os.path.basename(self.filename),))
+    def __init__(self, wksp, fn):
+        self.w = wksp
+        self.filename = fn
+        self.basename = os.path.basename(self.filename)
+        self.build_log = os.path.join(self.w.log_dir, "%s.log" % (os.path.basename(self.filename),))
+        self.build_err_log = os.path.join(self.w.log_dir, "%s.err.log" % (os.path.basename(self.filename),))
+        self.build_upload_log = os.path.join(self.w.log_dir, "%s.upload.log" % (os.path.basename(self.filename),))
 
-  def build(self):
-    sys.stdout.write(" Build:   ")
-    sys.stdout.flush()
+    def build(self):
+        sys.stdout.write(" Build:   ")
+        sys.stdout.flush()
 
-    # Copy sketch over, replacing IP addresses as necessary
-    fin = open(self.filename,"r")
-    lines = fin.readlines()
-    fin.close()
-    fout = open(os.path.join(self.w.build_dir,"src","sketch.ino"),"w")
-    for l in lines:
-      if re.match(r"^byte server\[\] = {",l):
-        fout.write("byte server[] = { %s };\n"%(settings.server_ip.replace(".",", "),))
-      elif re.match(r"^byte ip\[\] = {",l):
-        fout.write("byte ip[] = { %s };\n"%(settings.arduino_ip.replace(".",", "),))
-      else:
-        fout.write(l)
-    fout.flush()
-    fout.close()
+        # Copy sketch over, replacing IP addresses as necessary
+        fin = open(self.filename, "r")
+        lines = fin.readlines()
+        fin.close()
+        fout = open(os.path.join(self.w.build_dir, "src", "sketch.ino"), "w")
+        for l in lines:
+            if re.match(r"^byte server\[\] = {", l):
+                fout.write("byte server[] = { %s };\n" % (settings.server_ip.replace(".", ", "),))
+            elif re.match(r"^byte ip\[\] = {", l):
+                fout.write("byte ip[] = { %s };\n" % (settings.arduino_ip.replace(".", ", "),))
+            else:
+                fout.write(l)
+        fout.flush()
+        fout.close()
 
-    # Run build
-    fout = open(self.build_log, "w")
-    ferr = open(self.build_err_log, "w")
-    rc = call(["ino","build"],stdout=fout,stderr=ferr)
-    fout.close()
-    ferr.close()
-    if rc == 0:
-      sys.stdout.write("pass")
-      sys.stdout.write("\n")
-      return True
-    else:
-      sys.stdout.write("fail")
-      sys.stdout.write("\n")
-      with open(self.build_err_log) as f:
-        for line in f:
-          print " ",line,
-      return False
+        # Run build
+        fout = open(self.build_log, "w")
+        ferr = open(self.build_err_log, "w")
+        rc = call(["ino", "build"], stdout=fout, stderr=ferr)
+        fout.close()
+        ferr.close()
+        if rc == 0:
+            sys.stdout.write("pass")
+            sys.stdout.write("\n")
+            return True
+        else:
+            sys.stdout.write("fail")
+            sys.stdout.write("\n")
+            with open(self.build_err_log) as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    print(" " + line)
+            return False
 
-  def upload(self):
-    sys.stdout.write(" Upload:  ")
-    sys.stdout.flush()
-    fout = open(self.build_upload_log, "w")
-    rc = call(["ino","upload"],stdout=fout,stderr=fout)
-    fout.close()
-    if rc == 0:
-      sys.stdout.write("pass")
-      sys.stdout.write("\n")
-      return True
-    else:
-      sys.stdout.write("fail")
-      sys.stdout.write("\n")
-      with open(self.build_upload_log) as f:
-        for line in f:
-          print " ",line,
-      return False
+    def upload(self):
+        sys.stdout.write(" Upload:  ")
+        sys.stdout.flush()
+        fout = open(self.build_upload_log, "w")
+        rc = call(["ino", "upload"], stdout=fout, stderr=fout)
+        fout.close()
+        if rc == 0:
+            sys.stdout.write("pass")
+            sys.stdout.write("\n")
+            return True
+        else:
+            sys.stdout.write("fail")
+            sys.stdout.write("\n")
+            with open(self.build_upload_log) as f:
+                for line in f:
+                    print(" " + line)
+            return False
 
+    def test(self):
+        # import the matching test case, if it exists
+        try:
+            basename = os.path.basename(self.filename)[:-4]
+            i = importlib.import_module("testcases." + basename)
+        except:
+            sys.stdout.write(" Test:    no tests found")
+            sys.stdout.write("\n")
+            return
+        c = getattr(i, basename)
 
-  def test(self):
-    # import the matching test case, if it exists
-    try:
-      basename = os.path.basename(self.filename)[:-4]
-      i = importlib.import_module("testcases."+basename)
-    except:
-      sys.stdout.write(" Test:    no tests found")
-      sys.stdout.write("\n")
-      return
-    c = getattr(i,basename)
+        testmethods = [m for m in dir(c) if m.startswith("test_")]
+        testmethods.sort()
+        tests = []
+        for m in testmethods:
+            tests.append(c(m))
 
-    testmethods = [m for m in dir(c) if m.startswith("test_")]
-    testmethods.sort()
-    tests = []
-    for m in testmethods:
-      tests.append(c(m))
+        result = unittest.TestResult()
+        c.setUpClass()
+        if self.upload():
+            sys.stdout.write(" Test:    ")
+            sys.stdout.flush()
+            for t in tests:
+                t.run(result)
+                print(str(result.testsRun - len(result.failures) - len(result.errors)) + "/" + str(result.testsRun))
+                if not result.wasSuccessful():
+                    if len(result.failures) > 0:
+                        for f in result.failures:
+                            print("-- " + str(f[0]))
+                            print(f[1])
+                    if len(result.errors) > 0:
+                        print(" Errors:")
+                        for f in result.errors:
+                            print("-- " + str(f[0]))
+                            print(f[1])
+        c.tearDownClass()
 
-    result = unittest.TestResult()
-    c.setUpClass()
-    if self.upload():
-      sys.stdout.write(" Test:    ")
-      sys.stdout.flush()
-      for t in tests:
-        t.run(result)
-        print "%d/%d"%(result.testsRun-len(result.failures)-len(result.errors),result.testsRun)
-        if not result.wasSuccessful():
-          if len(result.failures) > 0:
-            for f in result.failures:
-              print "-- %s"%(str(f[0]),)
-              print f[1]
-          if len(result.errors) > 0:
-            print " Errors:"
-            for f in result.errors:
-              print "-- %s"%(str(f[0]),)
-              print f[1]
-    c.tearDownClass()
 
 if __name__ == '__main__':
-  run_tests = True
+    run_tests = True
 
-  w = Workspace()
-  w.init()
+    w = Workspace()
+    w.init()
 
-  for e in w.examples:
-    print "--------------------------------------"
-    print "[%s]"%(e.basename,)
-    if e.build() and run_tests:
-      e.test()
-  for e in w.tests:
-    print "--------------------------------------"
-    print "[%s]"%(e.basename,)
-    if e.build() and run_tests:
-      e.test()
+    for e in w.examples:
+        print("--------------------------------------")
+        print("[" + e.basename + "]")
+        if e.build() and run_tests:
+            e.test()
+    for e in w.tests:
+        print("--------------------------------------")
+        print("[" + e.basename + "]")
+        if e.build() and run_tests:
+            e.test()
 
-  w.clean()
+    w.clean()