define(`TITLE', `Configuration-Webserver for ESP8266 Projects')
define(`DATE', `2018-01-26')
define(`CONTENT', `
In my previous ESP8266 based weekend projects I always hardcoded configuration data. For the ESP8266 these are at least the WiFi credentials SSID and WPA key. Moving it into a different WiFi network requires re-flashing it. There must be a better way I thought and found that's a single line of code to run the ESP8266 as an accesspoint, which opens its own WiFi network.
So, I first hardcoded a web page with a form to enter configuration data, a data structure to hold it and some code to store it into the EEPROM or load it there.
It appears that this was an error-prone process with a lot of redudancy in the code.
For that reason I wrote an approach with a small template-based generator script:
[code language="python" title="configGen.py"]
#!/usr/bin/python
from Cheetah.Template import Template
configItems = [
{"label":"_", "key":"magic", "type":"I", "default": ""},
{"label":"Wifi SSID", "key":"wifiSsid", "type":"C", "length":32, "default":"test"},
{"label":"Wifi Key", "key":"wifiKey", "type":"C", "length":64, "default":"geheim"},
{"label":"MQTT Broker", "key":"mqttBroker", "type":"C", "length":64, "default":"broker.hottis.de"},
{"label":"MQTT Username", "key":"mqttUser", "type":"C", "length":32, "default":"esp1"},
{"label":"MQTT Password", "key":"mqttPass", "type":"C", "length":32, "default":"geheim"},
{"label":"MQTT ClientId", "key":"mqttClientId", "type":"C", "length":32, "default":"changeThis"},
{"label":"MQTT Topic", "key":"mqttTopic", "type":"C", "length":64, "default":"IoT/espThermometer2/location/measurement"},
{"label":"MQTT Port", "key":"mqttPort", "type":"I", "default":8883},
{"label":"Measure Period", "key":"measurePeriod", "type":"I", "default":300}
]
h_file = Template(file="configuration_h.tmpl", searchList=[{"configItems":configItems}])
open('configuration.h','w').write(str(h_file))
c_file = Template(file="configuration_c.tmpl", searchList=[{"configItems":configItems}])
open('configuration.cpp','w').write(str(c_file))
[/code]
The two templates are:
[code language="C" title="configuration_h.tmpl"]
typedef struct {
#for $configItem in $configItems
#if $configItem.type == 'C'
char ${configItem.key}[$configItem.length];
#else if $configItem.type == 'I'
uint32_t $configItem.key;
#end if
#end for
} tConfigBlock;
extern const uint32_t MAGIC;
extern tConfigBlock configBlock;
void configServeIndex();
void configServeGetConfiguration();
void showConfiguration();
[/code]
And:
[code language="C" title="configuration_c.tmpl"]
#raw
#include <Arduino.h>
#include <ESP8266WiFi.h>
#include <ESP8266WebServer.h>
#include <EEPROM.h>
#include "defines.h"
#include "configuration.h"
#end raw
tConfigBlock configBlock;
const uint32_t MAGIC = 0xC0DE0001;
extern ESP8266WebServer webServer;
bool configSaved = false;
void configServeIndex() {
bool configValid = (configBlock.magic == MAGIC);
if (! configValid) {
#for $configItem in $configItems
#if $configItem.label != "_"
#if $configItem.type == "C"
strcpy(configBlock.$configItem.key, "$configItem.default");
#else if $configItem.type == "I"
configBlock.$configItem.key = $configItem.default;
#end if
#end if
#end for
}
String buffer =
"<!doctype html"
"<html lang=\"en\">"
" <head>"
" <title>ESP8266 Thermometer Configuration Page</title>"
" </head>"
" <body>"
" <h1>ESP8266 Configuration Page</h1>";
if (configSaved) {
configSaved = false;
buffer += "<h2>Configuration saved</h2>";
}
buffer +=
" <form action=\"/config\" method=\"GET\">"
" <table>"
#for $configItem in $configItems
#if $configItem.label != "_"
" <tr>"
" <td>"
" <label for\"$configItem.key\">$configItem.label</label>"
" </td><td>"
" <input type=\"text\" name=\"$configItem.key\" id=\"$configItem.key\" ";
#if $configItem.type == "C"
buffer += " size=\"$configItem.length\" ";
buffer += " value=\"";
buffer += configBlock.$configItem.key;
buffer += "\"";
#else if $configItem.type == "I"
buffer += " value=\"";
buffer += configBlock.$configItem.key;
buffer += "\"";
#end if
buffer +=
" />"
" </td>"
" </tr>"
#end if
#end for
" <tr>"
" <td colspan=\"2\">"
" <button type=\"submit\">Save</button>"
" </td>"
" </tr>"
" </table>"
" </form>"
" </body>"
"</html>";
webServer.send(200, "text/html", buffer);
#ifdef DEBUG
Serial.println("indexHtml request served");
#endif
}
void configServeGetConfiguration() {
String arg;
#for $configItem in $configItems
#if $configItem.label != "_"
arg = webServer.arg("$configItem.key");
#if $configItem.type == "C"
strcpy(configBlock.$configItem.key, arg.c_str());
#else if $configItem.type == "I"
configBlock.$configItem.key = atoi(arg.c_str());
#end if
#end if
#end for
configBlock.magic = MAGIC;
showConfiguration();
EEPROM.begin(512);
EEPROM.put(EEPROM_ADDR, configBlock);
EEPROM.commit();
Serial.println("EEPROM saved");
configSaved = true;
webServer.sendHeader("Location", String("/"), true);
webServer.send(302, "text/plain", "");
//webServer.send(200, "text/html", "configuration saved");
}
void showConfiguration() {
Serial.println("Configuration is");
#for $configItem in $configItems
Serial.print("$configItem.key = ");
Serial.println(configBlock.$configItem.key);
#end for
Serial.println("---");
}
[/code]
Besides these generated files I also needed a framework to distinguish between "configuration mode" and "production mode" and in configuration mode to start the WiFi accesspoint.
Since I'm programming the ESP8266 in an Eclipse-based Arduino-environment, this is all done in the setup()
and loop()
function:
[code language="C"]
void setup() {
startTime = millis();
#ifdef DEBUG
Serial.begin(115200);
Serial.println("Starting ...");
#endif
pinMode(CONFIG_SWITCH, INPUT_PULLUP);
pinMode(LED_PIN, OUTPUT);
EEPROM.begin(512);
EEPROM.get(EEPROM_ADDR, configBlock);
Serial.print("Magic: ");
Serial.println(configBlock.magic);
configMode = ((LOW == digitalRead(CONFIG_SWITCH)) || (configBlock.magic != MAGIC));
if (configMode) {
#ifdef DEBUG
Serial.println("Configuration mode");
#endif
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, LOW);
setupConfiguration();
} else {
#ifdef DEBUG
Serial.println("Production mode");
Serial.println();
Serial.println();
showConfiguration();
#endif
digitalWrite(LED_PIN, HIGH);
setupProduction();
}
#ifdef DEBUG
Serial.println("Started.");
#endif
}
void loop() {
if (configMode) {
loopConfiguration();
} else {
loopProduction();
}
}
void setupConfiguration() {
WiFi.mode(WIFI_AP);
WiFi.softAP(CONFIG_SSID);
#ifdef DEBUG
Serial.println("AP started");
#endif
webServer.on("/", configServeIndex);
webServer.on("/config", configServeGetConfiguration);
webServer.onNotFound(configServeNotFound);
webServer.begin();
#ifdef DEBUG
Serial.println("Webserver started");
#endif
}
void loopConfiguration() {
webServer.handleClient();
}
[/code]
This code can be also found embedded into two of my projects. Find them at https://gitlab.com/wolutator/EspThermometer2 and https://gitlab.com/wolutator/TouchSwitch.
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